Laboratory abnormalities in adrenal insufficiency typically include all EXCEPT:

In the context of adrenal insufficiency, the typical laboratory abnormalities reflect the body's response to inadequate cortisol levels. Among these, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and hypercalcemia are commonly observed.

Hypoglycemia occurs due to insufficient cortisol, which plays a critical role in gluconeogenesis and maintaining blood glucose levels. The lack of cortisol results in decreased glucose production and can lead to low blood sugar.

Hyponatremia is often seen in adrenal insufficiency because cortisol is essential for the regulation of sodium and water balance. When cortisol levels are low, there can be an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion, leading to water retention and dilution of serum sodium.

Hypercalcemia might be unexpected in the context of adrenal insufficiency, but it can occur due to the mobilization of calcium from the bones when cortisol levels are inadequate, which can affect calcium metabolism.

Hypokalemia, on the other hand, is generally not associated with adrenal insufficiency. Instead, adrenal insufficiency often results in hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels) due to impaired aldosterone secretion. Aldosterone is crucial for potassium excretion in the kidneys, and without adequate levels, potassium can accumulate in the bloodstream.